Module 5 Critical Thinking The Bamako Initiative

Module 5 Critical Thinking The Bamako Initiative was adopted by the African Ministers of Health with support from WHO, United Nations Children’s Emergency fund and the United Kingdom’s Department of International Development (Uzochukwu, Onwujekwe, Akpala 2002) with the purpose of providing health care to all individuals through the decentralization of primary care and user fees. At its core, the initiative provided for national commitment to universally acceptable health care for all, essential drug policies, and decentralization of user. The aim was to increase access, efficiency, and financial viability of the health systems in the sub-Saharan Africa (UNICEF, n.d.) where health care is provided by primary health care system. Treatment and reduction of morbidity and mortality through early diagnosis and effective prevention are provided by primary health care systems by collecting user fees. This paper will discuss the Bamako Initiative in Nigeria with particular e mphasis on costs, quality and access to care. In addition to being the largest nation in Africa, Nigeria is one of the most populous nations in sub-Saharan Africa with 178 million people (World Bank n.d). With approximately 50% (World Bank, n.d.) of the population living outside the urban cities, Nigerians experience barriers to accessing health care in the remote rural areas. Furthermore, the high percentage of Nigerians living in poverty, 70% (NationMaster, 2015), provides for financial problems

The Epic Poem Gilgamesh - 1748 Words

The Epic poem Gilgamesh dates back to approximately 3000 B.C., yet it is still widely popular in the modern day 21st century, as are the themes and messages the poem may have tried to express. The transformation of Gilgamesh, or perhaps whether or not Gilgamesh actually transformed, is a topic of debate relating to this piece. Dr. Micah Sadigh contends that Gilgamesh conveys the message of existentialism, which is explored in the works of famous philosophers such as Kierkegaard, Buber, and Heidegger. Therefore making the poem pertain well to everyday life of modern humans, which may not be expected from such a historic text. However, Enkidu is an interesting subject to view in the poem, as it seems that the â€Å"existentials† are forced upon him, and these ultimately lead to his death. Enkidu initially is naturally moral and happy, but both Gilgamesh and human consciousness lead his naturalness to be ruined, as is demonstrated in his last words before dying, cursing Shamhat for essentially making him human. Even though he recants these statements, they come from pure emotion during his realization of death and should be seen as meaningful. Ultimately, it is true that Gilgamesh exhibited a transformation of morals from the beginning of the poem to the end, mainly because of his friend Enkidu, even though Enkidu perished due to human consciousness. Furthermore, it can be extrapolated from the story that the â€Å"existentials† may only work to define human experience and to give humanShow MoreRelatedThe Poem Epic Of Gilgamesh 891 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem Epic of Gilgamesh highlights the complexand important roles of women in society long before notions of feminism became prevalent. This poem depicts not only the intellectual side of women but also solidifies them as beautiful, seductive, and powerful beings, who on a number of occasions evidence their equality and sometimes superiority to man. Take Shamhat for instance, she was a beautiful temple priestess, who was used to seduce the beast Enkidu, with her beauty and charm. So GilgameshRead MoreThe Epic of Gilgamesh Poem1357 Words   |  6 PagesIn the epic poem titled The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh was a king who ruled over the Sumerian city of Uruk around 2600 B.C. Gilgamesh was a very powerful and strong king, but he realized that he must use his power to help the people of Uruk. He is two-thirds god and one third human, which makes him realize that he must reconcile with the fact that he will eventually face death. He realizes that he will not reach full immortality and needs to be satisfied with his responsibilities over his peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Epic Of Gilgamesh 2135 Words   |  9 Pages2100. In Mesopotamia, around 1300 B.C.E to 1000 B.C.E, Old Babylonians edited Epic of Gilgamesh, a poem describes how did Gilgamesh, the king of Uruk, try to find the everlasting life. This literature means a lot in history not only because it is almost the earliest written documents, but also because it reflects the worldview about Mesopotamia. For instance, Gods in this poem are pictured as terrible and selfish. Just like Mesopotamia, every ancient region had its own beliefRead MoreGender Roles During The Epic Of Gilgamesh An Epic Poem 939 Words   |  4 PagesBrandon Olmos April 4, 2017 Gender Roles In Gilgamesh, an epic poem, gender roles play a large role in the plot line. Even female goddesses had some key roles through this ancient epic. They might not have necessarily had the same strengths and duties to their male counterparts, but their roles were substantial. Even though the main characters in this epic, Enkidu and Gilgamesh, are male, women still had major roles in their tale. In the story of Ruth, Naomi and her mother-in-law defy genderRead MoreCivilizations and Heroism in the Epic Poems of Gilgamesh and Beowulf624 Words   |  3 Pagescivilizations. Heroes represent the principles and ideals associated with the varying morals of each individual society. The literature of Mesopotamia and Western Europe is a prime example of this. Beowulf, an Anglo-Germanic tale and The Epic of Gilgamesh, of the Sumerians, demonstrate perfectly, the ability of civilizations to convey the values and customs of their society through their literature. The setting for Beowulf is Scandinavia, before the time Christianity had spread its course.Read MoreBeowulf And The Epic Of Gilgamesh1667 Words   |  7 Pagesthe most widely known epic poems of their time were Beowulf and The Epic of Gilgamesh. Both Beowulf and Gilgamesh embody traits known exclusively of a hero. The poem of Beowulf and The Epic Gilgamesh both showcase the characteristics required of being an epic, in that they include a hero on a quest performing valorous deeds in an elevated style, while being protected by supernatural forces. The epic poem, Beowulf was based in the country of Denmark, while The Epic of Gilgamesh was based in a regionRead More The Epic of Gilgamesh is Truely an Epic Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh is Truely an Epic An epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero.  Ã‚   The main characteristics of an epic as a literary genre is that it is a long poem that tells a story, it contains an epic hero, its hero searches for immortality (but doesnt find it physically, only through fame), gods or other supernatural beings are interested and involved, and it delivers an historical message.  Read MoreThe Battle Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh931 Words   |  4 Pagesthe story of Gilgamesh and Enkidu partaking in their adventure to the edge of the Cedar Forest, and their encounter with a guard, an enemy. Throughout this battle, Gilgamesh loses faith in the couples ability to defeat the guard but is ultimately talked back into his heroic mindset by The Gods. In column VI, having just defeated the guard, Enkidu then finds himself in a similar situation to Gilgamesh, whereby he doubts their ability to defeat Humbaba, and it co mes down to Gilgamesh, and his leadershipRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 903 Words   |  4 Pagesquote than the epic. Epics in media are presented with high stakes, memorable heroes, and thought-provoking messages. They originated in preliterate societies and among the first epics is the ancient Mesopotamian poem called â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh†. Written during the Third Dynasty of Ur, â€Å"Gilgamesh† tells the adventures of the eponymous king as he befriends an intended rival created by a goddess, slays monsters, and embarks a personal and perilous quest for eternal life. The poem is widely consideredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh And Odyssey Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesmisogyny into stone. There are some exceptional cases in the famous epic poems, the Epic of Gilgamesh of the Sumerians and Akkadians and the Odyssey from Homer of the Greeks. We all can agree that these epic poems or at most the authors did not view women with our modern perspective – equality among gender. However, we cannot deny that female characters helped set the path of the epic heroes’ journey to their goals. In these epic poems, women are portrayed as figures and themes of knowledge, motherhood

Letting Go of Old Friends… Free Essays

Village of Schaumburg Sex, Age, and Employment Demographics The village of Schaumburg is a large village located in  Cook County in Northeastern Illinois. The village is a northwestern suburb of Chicago and is part of the Golden Corridor. Schaumburg has the reputation of being the model community of Cook County. We will write a custom essay sample on Letting Go of Old Friends†¦ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Schaumburg is located roughly 28 miles (45  km) northwest of the Chicago Loop  and approximately 10 miles (16  km) northwest of O’Hare International Airport. As of the 2011 community survey the Village of Schaumburg had a total population of 49. 0% of males and 50. 10% of females. It can be determined by the chart below that the populations of females in the village of Schaumburg make up approximately 37,160 while males come in at 37,038. These estimates were based on a total population of 74,198 people. For this paper the focus will remain on the population of males and females in two separate subgroups of 18years of age and over and 65 years of age and over. I will also discuss the emphasis that is associated with these age factors and the employment rate in Schaumburg. According to the 2011 American Community Survey for the village of Schaumburg, the total provisional population of males and females 18 years and over stood at 59,489. The percentage break down of the population of males 18 years and over has a percentage of 48. 10%, while the percentage for females 18 years and over consist of 51. 90%. In contrast, the percentage of males ages 65 years and over is 39. 20% while females 65 years and over maintains a percentage of 60. 80%. Based on the information provided it can be determined that the village of Schaumburg has an increased population of males and females over the ages of 18. My theory is that the Village of Schaumburg is heavily populated with younger adults due to the opportunity of jobs the village has to offer. Major corporations like Motorola, IBM, and Comcast hold company headquarters in the Village of Schaumburg. Working class adults are more willing to live in communities that are abundant with job opportunities. According to the economic characteristics for the Village of Schaumburg the overall employment status stood at 61,311. The breakdown of the populace in the work force outweighs the total number of unemployment citizens in the village. The percentage of employed citizens is right around 66. 30%, while the unemployed come in at a low 4. 90%. It is evident that the Village of Schaumburg maintains a steady employment rate due to the numerous employment options available in the area. I found the low 2011 unemployment rate in Schaumburg surprising, considering that the overall economies unemployment rate was at 8. %. Based on the information provided it can be determined that the Village of Schaumburg is a community that has a population that is heavily populated by young adults. The influx of adults can be contributed to the accessibility and variation of jobs in the area. Also, the notable changes that were brought about in the year 2000 with attractions such as Streets of Wood field, Ga me Works, and the Convention Center attributed to the increase of young adults and the working class citizens in the Village of Schaumburg. How to cite Letting Go of Old Friends†¦, Papers

Health Administration for Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

Question: Discuss about the Health Administration for Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine? Answer: Ethical issues encountered by the GE Healthcare The GE healthcare is recognized for their contribution in transformational medical technologies as well as services, which is shaping the new era of medical care. The broad expertise of this healthcare may includes drug discovery, medical diagnosis, biopharmaceutical manufacturing technologies etc. In the 1990s, the GE Healthcare made the first attempt to prepare an ultrasound machine, which is inexpensive. However, when GE developed their dream product and started marketing their product extensively, the company started facing many ethical issues. From the case study, it is found that there are mainly two ethical issues faced by the company. First of all the effect of aggressive marketing of inexpensive ultrasound machine and secondly the illegal use of the ultrasound machine produced by the GE Healthcare by the third party. According to aaa, it is found that gender selection is very popular business in India as well as in China and this business is thriving on the supply of cheap ultrasound machines. The extensive business of GE Healthcare in India and China caused death of more than 50 million female fetuses. It is also observed that the GE Healthcare failed to tightened their sale process, which results in the misuse of ultrasound machine by the third parties (other than registered healthcare personals). Recommendations To recover from the situation it can be recommended that the company needs to admit their responsibility of causing death of female fetus in the third worlds and higher the price of their product. Secondly the Healthcare can tighten their selling process so that only registered healcare personnels can have access to the machine. The professional and applied ethics breached by the GE Healthcare From the provided case study, it is observed that the GE Healthcare developed cheapest Venue 40 and sold it for minimum of $ 20,000 (Sabino et al., 2013). The first cheapest product was first developed in China and then distributed in different third world countries. Although the GE Healthcare targeted to market the cheapest ultrasound machine in the third world country in order to help the health care centers in the those countries, they neglected the ethical issues that could be faced by the company. According to Schleder et al., (2013), it is observed that any health care system needs to evaluate the consequences of launching their product in the market. However, the GE Healthcare failed to meet their professional ethics. It is well versed that most of the third world countries, especially China and India have male dominated societies. Therefore, before launching less expensive ultrasound machine the GE Healthcare needed to evaluate the target market and ensure the safe use of the ir newly launched products. According to the professional ethics, the responsibility for misuse of the products goes to the manufacturing company. According to the case study, he GE Healthcare indeed breached the professional as well as applied ethics. Example After reviewing marketing strategies of other companies, who successfully launched their product (ultrasound machine) in India and China, it is found that their product is as efficient as the GE healthcare (Hammoudi et al., 2013). However, their product is not very cheap as marketed by the GE Healthcare. Most of the ultrasound machines manufactured by the other companies (Samsung, Silverline Meditech, Atico Medical Private Limited etc.) are selling their product for a minimum of 2 Lakh, which is neither very cheap nor too high priced (Ross et al., 2013). The machines produced by these companies are not reported to be misused. Therefore, the GE Healthcare needs to follow the marketing strategies taken by these companies in order to maintain the applied and professional ethics. The responsibilities of the GE Healthcare on the issue of preference for male children in the developing countries The mission of GE Healthcare is to provide better care of the world in minimum cost. In addition, this company has partnered with healthcare leaders in order to be a part of the global policy, which are necessary to implement a better and sustainable health care system (Www3.gehealthcare.com, 2016). The vision of this company is healthymagination for the world to join them in the journey to create better health equipments in lower cost and improving the quality care around the world (Www3.gehealthcare.com, 2016). However, according to the case study the GE Healthcare failed to control the misuse of their ultrasound machine in the developing countries. GE Healthcare needs to take their responsibilities and control their products to be misused by the third parties (Barr, 2013). The company cannot change the mentality of the people of the society, but can ensure that their product is in safe hand. Strategy The company can address the local NGOs and work with them in order to avoid the raising ethical problems. On the other hand, the GE Healthcare can restrict their advertisement, which will in turn will less attract the third parties and reduce the malpractice. References Barr, R. G. (2013). Off-label use of ultrasound contrast agents for abdominal imaging in the United States.Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine,32(1), 7-12. Hammoudi, N., Arangalage, D., Boubrit, L., Renaud, M. C., Isnard, R., Collet, J. P., ... Duguet, A. (2013). Ultrasound-based teaching of cardiac anatomy and physiology to undergraduate medical students.Archives of cardiovascular diseases,106(10), 487-491. Ross, A. B., DeStigter, K. K., Rielly, M., Souza, S., Morey, G. E., Nelson, M., ... Kawooya, M. G. (2013). A low-cost ultrasound program leads to increased antenatal clinic visits and attended deliveries at a health care clinic in rural Uganda.PloS one,8(10), e78450. Sabino, E. C., Ribeiro, A. L., Salemi, V. M., Oliveira, C. D. L., Antunes, A. P., Menezes, M. M., ... Sachdev, V. (2013). Ten-year Incidence of Chagas cardiomyopathy among asymptomatic, T. cruzi seropositive former blood donors.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-112. Schleder, S., Dendl, L. M., Ernstberger, A., Nerlich, M., Hoffstetter, P., Jung, E. M., ... Schreyer, A. G. (2013). Diagnostic value of a hand-carried ultrasound device for free intra-abdominal fluid and organ lacerations in major trauma patients.Emergency Medicine Journal,30(3), e20-e20. Www3.gehealthcare.com,. (2016). GE Healthcare. Retrieved 20 February 2016, from https://www3.gehealthcare.com/en