Ellisons Invisible Man Invisibility, Vision, and...

Ralph Ellison incorporates many symbols into this novel, each providing a unique perspective on the narrative and supporting the themes of invisibility, vision and identity. These themes can many times generally symbolize the strength of the subconscious mind. In this novel I think that there are several visions that symbolize the narrator’s escape from reality, seeking comfort in memories of his childhood or times at the college, often occurring as he fades into his music. Ellison coincidences dreams and reality to redefine the surrealistic nature of the narrator’s experience and to showcase the differences between the realities of black life and the myth of the American dream. ? One thing I saw a lot of in this novel is people†¦show more content†¦Treachery reinforces the ideas of blindness and invisibility, because any betrayal is essentially a sign that the betrayer willfully refuses to see his victim. The examples I found best were the narrator’s betrayals at the hands of the college (Dr. Bledsoe) and the Brotherhood (Brother Jack). Bledsoe poses as a figure representing the advancement of black Americans through education. In reality, however, he deliberately subordinates himself to whites and says that he would see every black man in America lynched before giving up his power. That he sends the narrator away with letters of supposed recommendation that, in reality, explicitly criticize the narrator demonstrates his objectionable desire to suppress black identity. The members of the Brotherhood betray the narrator in a number of deceptive ways, ranging from curbing his individuality to turning their backs on the problems of the poor blac ks in Harlem. Jack, specifically, betrays the narrator by posing as a compassionate and helpful friend while secretly harboring racist prejudice against him and using him as a tool for the advancement of the Brotherhood’s ends. This novel’s betrayals function through deceit and secrecy because for the most part, they are invisible, and the narrator is blind to them until it is too late. â€Å"And my problem was that I always tried to go in everyone’s way but my own. I have also been called one thing and then another while no one really wished to hear what I calledShow MoreRelatedInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1908 Words   |  8 Pagesown works regarding their personal experiences. Ralph Ellison’s novel, Invisible Man, is considered to be a milestone that greatly contributed to a change in American literature. It transformed society’s view on African American struggles and black identity. He tells of young, college-educated African American man struggling in society as he experiences racial discrimination, invisibility to others and himself, and the struggle to find an identity. The novel expresses the narrator’s difficulty withRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1481 Words   |  6 PagesInvisible Man is a novel by Ralph Ellison, published in 1952. It addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African-Americans in the early twentieth century. This includes black nationalism, the relationship between black identity and Marxism, and the reformist racial policies of Booker T. Washington, as well as issues of individuality and personal identity. The grandson of slaves, Ralph Ellison was born in 1914 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and was raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma. HisRead MoreThe Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison2489 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"I AM AN invisible man.† A story of obstacles of durable struggle, but hope, and everlasting search for voice in a narrow-minded society; The Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison depicts the dehumanization and feeling of being ostracized in society, of one man. Imagine a time when everyone you encounter have a racial thought or credibility toward your own races, never considering the fact that who you are as a person does not matter worth a dime. You are better determines on shade of your skin which hideRead MoreSystematic Blind Man s Bluff : Identity Throug h Vision2109 Words   |  9 Pages Systematic Blind Man’s Bluff: Identity through Vision in The Invisible Man and Their Eyes Were Watching God In present day American society, African-Americans’ skin color makes them into targets -- of violence, prejudice, stereotyping, and potentially of victimization. Police are trained to racially profile in their work, and the byproduct of this has been devastating; in 2015 alone the police killed about 102 unarmed black people. These happenings have sparked national outcry over institutionalizedRead MoreRacism And Its Multidimensionality : A Road Block1795 Words   |  8 PagesLily Sanders Mr. Chan AP Literature 20 February 2017 Racism and its Multidimensionality: a Road Block in the Path to Self Discovery Ralph Waldo Ellison’s Invisible Man describes the plight of a black man growing up and coming to terms with his identity. The â€Å"invisible man† is not literally invisible, rather invisibility is used to describe the cultural implications of blackness and his inability to fit into stereotypical black molds. Some of the stereotypes that the narrator encounters areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Battle Royal 1965 Words   |  8 Pages Ralph Ellison, author of â€Å"Battle Royal†, wrote this story from a first-person singular point-of-view. Throughout the story, the reader can easily interpret how the narrator’s level of self-awareness shifts. This highlights an important theme of identity and the true self. The narrator’s younger self was rather naà ¯ve, not aware of what was going on in the times in which he lived, whereas his present self was more knowing of his true self by the end of the story. The time period in which this story

Copyright Infringement Is The Unmistakable Reproduction Of...

Copyright infringement is the unmistakable reproduction of someone else’s intellectual property. To combat this issue, governments have passed many laws pertaining to the issue of online copyright and piracy, though, these laws have not stopped people from committing online internet crimes. However, those who commit copyright infringement online rarely know that they are committing a computer crime because of how easy technology has made it to reproduce someone else’s content. The consequence of committing copyright infringement can vary from minuscule to drastic, typically depending on how the two parties react. Regarding consequences, the ramifications that copyright, the creator of the content to lose revenue and reputation; but they can gain popularity. Organizations establish copyright rights over their intellectual property because companies are trying to protect and prevent the reproduction of their creation or content. On the other hand, there are many creators that do not know how to protect their property properly using copyright. This leads to the exploitation of their content because they are unprotected by copyright laws. In order to protect a creator’s content, the creator must apply for copyright protection, which lasts for a limited period of time. Dan Burk, in â€Å"Copyright†, explains a basic definition of copyright: â€Å"a legal framework that protects some forms of intellectual property.† (Burk) Without copyright policies, a creator’s property would not beShow MoreRelatedMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 Pagesrespective suppliers hereby disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to this information, including all warranties and conditions of merchantability, whether express, implied or statutory, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement. In no event shall Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other

Financial Management DBS Bank

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Managementfor DBS Bank. Answer: DBS Bank Deposit Compared with OCBC and UOB The study reflects that Investors Service possess a variety of distinctions amongst the Singapores three major set of banks assets. These banks are DBS Bank Ltd, Oversea-Chinese Banking Corp Ltd and United Overseas Bank Limited, which ultimately leads to credit differentiation over the time. The report lays down that DBC, OCBC and UOB portrays strong similarity in financial fundamentals (Lai and Daniels 2015). These consist of vigorous quality of assets, better degree of capital adequacy with healthy funding and liquidity profiles. Consequently, their baseline assessment of credits is at the identical level representing the category, which stood highest among the global banks. According to the study in spite of powerful financial fundamentals of DBS, OCBC and UOB, there are several distinctions amid the three banks. It takes into the consideration the factors such as geographical mix, their changing needs for capital markets functions, sources of financial support constitution and challenges pertaining to the commencement of Basel III rules (Sufian and Kamarudin 2016). Banks different geographical mixes could maximise the risk of OCBC and DBS more than they would for UOB. The changing needs for functions associated with the capital markets increases the risk for DBS in greater proportion than for the OCBC and UOB (Lai and Daniels 2016). Talking about the structure of funding, DBS is placed in better position to derive benefit from the higher rates than OCBC and UOB. OCBC on the other hand, faces the greater amount of challenges related to deductions of capital under Basel III. Study suggests that all the three banks are growing their trans-nation dealings. UOBs proportionately bigger exposure to Singapore and lesser share of loans in banking market, which is regarded as riskier than Singapore in comparison to other nation such as China, Thailand and Indonesia (Chew 2015). This defines a lower exposure of country related risk when compared with OCBC and DBS. Reports have suggested that the three banks usually display a lower need for capital market functions. However, out of three, the market risk need for DBS is major and its incomes portray to some extent higher share of gains from trading activities in comparison to OCBC and UOB. Considering the structure of funding, reports says that higher rate of interest in the US and Singapore markets will lead to superior constructive consequences on DBS earnings, due to its better structure of financial support. Reports highlights that DBS cost of fund are lowest due to its larger share of low-growth consumer depo sits (Tong 2014). As for the OCBC, study reflects that banks proceeds are rather reliant upon the volatility of the monetary performance of its indemnity arm particularly the Great Eastern Holdings which is not rated. In spite of the prevalent of such kind of volatility higher amount of rate of interest will be optimistic in the fiscal performance of GEH (Tsui-Auch and Yoshikawa 2015). According to the reports, life insurance consists of lower risks and profits arising out of this division are connected with the amount of instability due to multifaceted bookkeeping rules. Based on the rules of Basel III, there is greater challenge of capital adequacy for OCBC in the upcoming years. This is due to the fact that OCBC is faced with deductions from CET1 capital for its investment in GEH whereas DBS and UOB faces relatively lesser deductions. It is noteworthy to denote that the financial strength of Singapores three local banks namely DBS, UOB and OCBC have make sure that they commonly share all the identical ratings however, in moving forward this could change. Several ratings agencies have reported that the credit assessment of banks may be different in moving forward because of several factors, which may create an impact on the degree of risk. It is worth mentioning that UOB greater amount of exposure to Singapore with reduced amount of shares in loans in the banking markets have led the ratings agency consider riskier than Singapore in comparison to China, Thailand and Indonesia (Tan, Huat and Ling 2016). This assist in reducing the degree of exposure to nation related risk in comparison to OCBC and DBS. The exposure in capital markets activities has led all the three banks to have booked a healthy trading gains since the outbreak of 2008-09 global financial crisis. It is noteworthy to denote that such kinds of gains are considered as more volatile in comparison to the wholesale consumer lending. This may lead to rise of risk for DBS since it relatively has greater amount of shares in trading gains in terms of the total income than OCBC and UOB. It should be noted that the United States based credit rating agencies have specifically pointed out that higher amount of interest rate in the US and Singapore markets (Maysami, Goby and Mensah 2014). This represents that DBS holds more benefit than OCBC and UOB. The reason behind such benefits is that DBS holds lower amount of cost of findings because of greater sum of low yielding customers deposits. This may lead to reduced amount of upward pressure on its funding cost in the rising environment of interest rate. The impact created by Base l III rules of capital will differ for the three banks however according to the reports OCBC is exposed to greater amount of risk because of capital deductions. As pointed out under the Basel III rules, banks holding non-consolidated insurance subsidiaries are under the obligation to subtract such investments from their ordinary equity first tier as stated under (CET1) capital. This represents that OCBC is under obligations of gradually cutting down its investment in Great Eastern Holdings, which is approximated to around $3.5 billion (Tsui-Auch and Yoshikawa 2015). Reports suggest that life insurance involves lower amount of risk and profits that are connected with the level of volatility partly due to the complex rules of accounting. The contributions made by the insurance segment to OCBC quarterly profits has been regarded as volatile which ranged between 5 to 32 per cent during their last eight quarters. Personal Reflection: The above stated differences of OCBC, UOB and DBS have been a learning curve. The study has helped me in understanding one common phenomenon, which apparent for each of the bank is the higher rate of interest on making deposits. Upon analysing the business of both the bank, it is found that DBS reported more similarity in laying down its fiscal fundamentals with better asset management than OCBC and UOB. I also understood from the study that there are number of differences among the Singapore three largest banks. The study has helped me to understand that the funding structure of DBS is much better than the two other banks. From the analysis, it is evident that all three banks have indulged themselves in the expansion of cross border business. The analysis also lays down that UOB holds large proportion of exposure in the Singapore market with lower amount of shares in the banking markets. The study has also helped me to understand that insurance posses lower level of risk, as profits are associated with fewer degree of volatility due to multifaceted accounting rules. I have also understood from the study that with the adoption of Basel III rules non-subsidized investment have enabled the subsidiaries to deduct the investment from their CET 1. Reference List: Chew, M., 2015.Leaders of Singapore. World Scientific. Lai, K.P. and Daniels, J.A., 2015. Banking on Finance in Singapore: The State-led Financialization of Banking Firms. Lai, K.P. and Daniels, J.A., 2016. Financialisation of Singaporean Banks and the Production of Variegated Financial Capitalism. Maysami, R.C., Goby, V.P. and Mensah, E.C., 2014. Enhanced Customer Satisfaction In The Wake Of Banking Liberalization: The Singaporean Case.International Journal of Business, Marketing, Decision Science,7(1). Sufian, F. and Kamarudin, F., 2016. Determinants of efficiency in the malaysian banking sector: Does bank origins matter?.Intellectual Economics,10(1), pp.38-54. Tan, L.H., Huat, T.C. and Ling, C.N.L., 2016. Pay for Performance: Is CEO Pay Aligned with Performance in Singapore?. Tong, C.K., 2014. Centripetal authority, differentiated networks: The social organization of Chinese firms in Singapore. InChinese Business(pp. 21-40). Springer Singapore. Tsui-Auch, L.S. and Yoshikawa, T., 2015. Institutional change versus resilience: A study of incorporation of independent directors in Singapore banks.Asian Business Management,14(2), pp.91-115.

Select and explain the most important turning points in Nelson Mandelas life Essay Example

Select and explain the most important turning points in Nelson Mandelas life Essay In my opinion there were 6 major turning points in Nelson Mandels life. I am going to explain what they are, why I chose them and the impact in which it had on his life. I am going to do this in the order of significance, starting form the least important and working my way up to the most important. On 10th may 1994, in the first multi-racial elections, Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa in nearly three centuries. I classed this event as the least important of the 6 points because although it is important in the structure of his political life, it is not as important as some other events. This was the final turning point in Mandelas life because it was as if that, him becoming president was a tribute to his success and achievement for his people. He became president, 2 years after signing a constitution agreement with F. W de Klerk, which wiped out apartheid and introduced democracy. This was his goal for life and by then becoming president it was an added bonus to say thank you for giving up his life for his people. This also gave hard evidence that people admired him and thought of him as a hero. After moving to Johannesburg form Qunu in 1940 to study a law degree, Mandela soon realized the importance of skin colour. When he moved to Johannesburg he was treated badly by the whites, which put him out of his comfort zone of his hometown. He was treated inferior, made to live in shantytowns in the suburbs of the city and paid less than white people. This was a shock to Mandela and made him realise that he should do something about it because he didnt like him and his people being treated any different or inferior just because of their skin colour. We will write a custom essay sample on Select and explain the most important turning points in Nelson Mandelas life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Select and explain the most important turning points in Nelson Mandelas life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Select and explain the most important turning points in Nelson Mandelas life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 1944 this then led to him joining the African National Congress (ANC). The event of him moving to Johannesburg and then joining the ANC was in my opinion the 5th most important turning point in Mandela life because if he had never gone to Johannesburg then he would never have experienced the inferity of black people. This means that it was most likely that he never would have joined the ANC and therefore never would have got into the role of a leading person in the conflict of apartheid. This furthermore means that he would have never gone into prison and we today, wouldnt even know who Nelson Mandela was. Accept this did happen. So this proves that this event had a large impact on his life and was a turning point in his political life because it changed his life forever. I think that the 4th most important turning point in Mandelas life happened in 1992 when he signed a constitutional agreement with the current white president, F. W. e Klerk which was designed to abolish apartheid and introduce democracy to South Africa. The wiping out of apartheid meant that black people did no longer have to carry around the hated pass books anymore, they were now allowed to use the same amenities as whites such as public toilets and they were no longer forced into a particular racial group. This was a turning point in Mandelas life because form the moment apartheid began, his goal and aim for life was to get the black population of South Africa free form it and treated equally. The acts that got him imprisoned for 27 years were all to appeal and protest against apartheid and now that it was over, it was as if a massive weight had been lifted form his shoulders. He had now reached his goal for life and whatever lay ahead would be a bonus. On 20th April 1964, Nelson Mandela was brought to court for his acts of terrorism. He was charged with sabotage with the penalty of either death or life in prison. He then got sentenced to life imprisonment on a prison on Robben Island, just off the coast of South Africa. In my opinion, Nelson Mandela being sentenced to life imprisonment was the 3rd most important turning point in his life. This is because although Nelson Mandela done a lot of other political events during his life, this was the event that stood out all over the world. Countries such as the UK supported Mandela and done all they could to get him released throughout the whole 27 years he spent in prison. This was to the extent that a free Mandela concert was held in London in 1988 and it was broadcast around the globe. I classed this event as third most important because it played a huge role in why Mandela is respected nowadays in that people respect the fact that he gave up his life and his family to do things for his people which he knew would send him to prison. The impact I think this had was that so many people were involved and it had affected a large number of people al over the globe, Nelson Mandelas prison sentence will go down in history for centuries to come. In my list of 6 main turning points in Nelson Mandelas life I classed the exhibition of Sharpeville as the 2nd most important. On March 21st, 1960 an ordinary protest was organised to happen at a local police station in Sharpeville. The protest was against the hated pass books and the plans was for a large group of people to all hand in their pass books and offer themselves up for arrest. The idea was that the police knew that they couldnt arrest so many people so they would consider the pass book law. Except this isnt what happened. The police fired at the crowds and killed 69 people and wounded 180, these were both including women and children. This event was to change the ANC and therefore Mandelas views forever. This was the event that sent the ANC to violence and from this point on, violent protests were organised by Mandela and other leading positions of the ANC. I think this is the 2nd most important turning point in Mandelas life because this was the day that marked the start of violence in the South African apartheid split. If this event were not to have happened then the ANC would most likely not turned to violence and therefore the terrorist attacks acted out by Mandela would not have occurred and therefore he would not have been imprisoned and the whole situation of Mandelas sentence would not have been necessary. Last but not least, in my opinion the most important turning point in Nelson Mandelas life is when he refused his release from prison in return for denouncing the arms struggle. This event happened in 1985. The reason that he was offered his release for denouncing the arms struggle was because it was getting out of hand and the South African government had no choice but to start negotiating with Mandela. I think that this point is the most important turning point in Nelson Mandelas life because he had already been in prison on Robben Island for 21 years and away from his family. Any normal person who ahs been in prison for that long would do anything to get out and see their family. But not Mandela. He stuck by his guns and refused his release in which made him stay in prison for a further 6 years before finally being set free and able to see his family. I think that this point is most important because it shows how dedicated he was to getting the result for his people, that he wanted and how much that ending apartheid meant to him. He sacrificed 27 years of his life and seeing his children grow up just to get freedom for his people. I think this proves that Nelson Mandela is quite a remarkable man and deserves all the credit he gets. I chose this point to go at the top because although it is a point that is not as public as Sharpeville for example, it has significance in showing how Mandela was determined and done literally everything in his power to succeed.

The Political Life of James Mo essays

The Political Life of James Mo essays James Monroe was formally elected to his uncles seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. Within a short time, Monroes legislative colleagues arranged for him to sit on the Governors Council, a position with little power but immense prestige for a newcomer. As a member of the council, one of the areas Monroe took a deep interest in was the development of the West. After a year, Monroes performance as a councilor was solid enough to land him an even more important position delegate to the Continental Congress. By 1783, Monroe had already emerged as a significant patriot-leader. It was a role he would assume for the remainder of his life. Monroe left Virginia to serve in Congress, the center of activity trying to work out the new national government. One issue Monroe jumped on was the plan of government for the west. He designed the trip to understand and plan for that regions future. From his journey, Monroe played an important part in shaping the congressional policy in the westward region.During his time in Congress, Monroe showed a growing interest in the expansion of the U.S. commerce. In one session, he tried to convince Congress of the need to amend the Articles of Confederation, which would allow Congress to regulate and control trade. Monroe ended his congressional term, and even though he had been the first to consider revising the Constitution, he was not selected as a Virginia delegate and later opposed the ratification of the new Constitution. In 1786, after he ended his congressional term, Monroe returned to Virginia to take up practicing law. Judge Jones discouraged him from starting his law in career in Richmond, Virginia, and Jones suggested that he go to a smaller town for greater opportunities and political advancements. Monroe took up residence in Fredericksburg, Virginia. He married his wife, Elizabeth Kortright, from New York on February 1786. By December, Mon...

Definition and Evaluation of Holistic Grading

Definition and Evaluation of Holistic Grading Holistic grading is a method of evaluating a composition based on its overall quality. Also known as  global grading, single-impression scoring, and impressionistic grading. Developed by the Educational Testing Service, holistic grading is often used in large-scale assessments, such as college placement tests. Graders are expected to make judgments based on criteria that have been agreed upon before the start of an evaluation session. Contrast with analytic grading. Holistic grading is useful as a time-saving approach, but it does not provide students with detailed feedback. Observations Teachers who practice holistic grading refuse to break down a students essay into separate problems like punctuation and paragraphing, but base their grade on their immediate sense of the whole derived from a deliberately nonanalytical reading.(Peggy Rosenthal, Words and Values: Some Leading Words and Where They Lead Us. Oxford University Press, 1984)Holistic Grading and Peer ReviewIf the speed of grading is more important than detailed feedback, then  holistic grading is  more appropriate; it just means less feedback for the writer. Pairs or small groups can also evaluate one anothers work using this rubric. Called peer review, it gives them practice in evaluation, helps them internalize the criteria, and relieves you of the burden of grading.(Nancy Burkhalter,  Critical Thinking Now: Practical Teaching Methods for Classrooms Around the World.  Rowman Littlefield,  2016)Inductive Holistic Grading[Holistic grading] is relatively quick, efficient, reliable, and fair when ba cked by instructor experience, practice, and familiarity with the student performance range at the institution. In addition, it easily accommodates essays and assignments that demand higher-order thinking and have multiple respectable responses.With inductive holistic grading, which is suitable for small classes, you read quickly through all the responses or papers, rank each above or below the ones you have already read, from best to worst, and then group them for assigning grades. Finally, you write up descriptions of the quality of each group and then give them to students when you return their work. To personalize the feedback, you can add comments to each students sheet or highlight the most applicable parts of the appropriate description.(Linda B. Nilson, Teaching at Its Best: A Research-Based Resource for College Instructors, 3rd ed. Jossey-Bass, 2010) Advantages and Disadvantages of Holistic Grading- An advantage to holistic grading is that graders can evaluate many papers in a short span of time because they do not comment on or correct the students work. Advocates of this method also propose that it makes grading more objective, since students names do not appear on the papers and since the rater may not have had the student in a class . . ..Critics of the method have questioned its validity and reliability, arguing that holistic ratings are swayed by superficial factors such as length and appearance of an essay, that holistic ratings cannot be generalized beyond the group that designed the criteria for judgment, and that the agreed-upon criteria can limit the readers views on the merits of the writing they are evaluating . . ..(Edith Babin and Kimberly Harrison, Contemporary Composition Studies: A Guide to Theorists and Terms. Greenwood Press, 1999)- [H]olistic grading is  probably not the best tactic, even if it seems the ea siest and quickest. Assigning a single score, grade, or judgment leaves the student unsure about both quality and content. One simple approach is to give a composition one grade for content coverage and a separate grade for writing quality.(Robert C. Calfee and Roxanne Greitz Miller, Best Practices in Writing Assessment for Instruction.  Best Practices in Writing Instruction, 2nd ed., edited by  Steve Graham et al. Guilford Press, 2013) Holistic RubricsHolistic rubrics are the quickest way to score papers in any content area, requiring a teacher to read a paper only once. Teachers can develop rubrics by basing them on the content theyve taught and practiced; assess papers based on established criteria agreed upon by students and teachers; and give a single holistic score that indicates the quality level of the writing, ranging from deficient to competent to outstanding.(Vicki Urquhart and Monette McIver, Teaching Writing in the Content Areas. ASCD, 2005)

Efficient Markets Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Efficient Markets Hypothesis - Essay Example The essence of the efficient markets hypothesis evolved from an earlier capital assetpricing model or CAPM based on investors’ unobservable beliefs about future returns. The CAPM predicts a linear relationship between the expected rate of return on an asset and that asset’s systematic risk, often termed â€Å"beta.† The CAPM model in turn led to the arbitrage pricing theory which is more general than the CAPM by including a set of unspecified factors which influence capital valuations. The CAPM in turn has been expanded into a broader format including such factors as the size of the company and the ratio of book value to market value; this version has gained wider support over the past ten years (Negakis, page 3). The efficient market hypothesis, as defined by Fama going back to 1970, â€Å"defines an Efficient Market as the one in which ‘security prices fully reflect all available information’†. Fama, in 1970, identified three forms of Market Efficiency. In the weak form, no investor can expect to gain from analyzing historical data as that data would already be reflected in capital asset prices. In the semi-strong form, no investor can expect to gain from analyzing publicly available information for the same reason. In the strong form, no investor can expect to gain from analyzing information from any source (Negakis, page 3). The efficient market hypothesis requires the existence of a highly-competitive market. with a large number of very-well-informed traders and in which transactions are costless. It would then not matter how many shares or other capital assets a trader sells - the price would remain unaffected by his actions as the market would already have taken them into account. The market would already reflect all available information, which would be included automatically in the price of the shares or other assets under consideration. The advent of portfolio theory has strengthened the efficient market hypothesis by focusing 3 on the valuation of an entire portfolio of many securities rather than on each one's value. In a fully-diversified portfolio, the trader or investor need not be as concerned over each security or capital asset but rather on the risk and return of the total range of those assets. According to Fama, the strong version of the efficient mar